Special symmetry classes



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Special symmetry classes

We now return to and consider its subsets consisting of the injective and the surjective maps only:

It is clear that each of these sets is both a -set and an -set and therefore it is also an -set, but it will not in general be an -set. The corresponding orbits of and on are called injective   symmetry classes, while those on will be called surjective   symmetry classes. We should like to determine their number. In order to do this we describe the fixed points of on these sets to prepare an application of the Cauchy-Frobenius Lemma. A first remark shows how the fixed points of on can be constructed with the aid of and , the permutations induced by on and by on (use gif):

. Corollary   If , then is fixed under if and only if the following two conditions are satisfied:

and the other values of arise from the values according to

This together with gif yields:

. Corollary   The fixed points of are the which can be obtained in the following way:



Herr Fripertinger
Sun Feb 05 18:28:26 MET 1995